The longer a wormhole is kept open the greater the energy density in the wormhole dimension. This density leads to a tension that develops at what might be called the wall of the wormhole. This is the place where the repulsive gravity of the exotic mass-energy must balance the attractive force of the ordinary matter and energy of the transporting object.
This energy balancing is rapidly changing and leads to an immense stress and a variety of vibrational modes at frequencies beginning in the audible. These vibrational modes are similar to the modes found in a black hole between its event horizon and Cauchy horizon.
Some of this vibrational energy, which will be called shadow energy for reasons that will become apparent later, leaks or radiates away as gravitational waves into normal spacetime.
It will be shown that if a spaceship is close enough to “hear” (compact gravitational waves interacting with the hull of the ship causing it to resonate) this shadow energy then the ship will be close enough to have its three-dimensional momentum affected. This is the frame dragging effect of general relativity which is also seen around rotating black holes.
We call this location “in the shadow” of the wormhole.
Effects on the human body limit the direct use of wormholes to about seven and a half light-years (see Chapter 23). To get around this limit a ship has to use the frame-dragging effect to “ride” the shadow energy wave from the wormhole dimension. This effect acts on a ship in ordinary space when close enough to the wormhole dimension and propels it in ordinary space many times the speed of light. But no law of physics is broken because the ship is always traveling less than the speed of light relative to its immediate environment. It is spacetime itself that appears to travel at superluminal speeds. It can be likened to the period of inflation in the early universe when spacetime expanded rapidly.
But there are still two problems with this method of propulsion. It is energy intensive, as it takes energy to open and keep open the long-jump wormhole and energy, in the form of unmanned masses shot into it, to cause the frame-dragging. And since a single ship cannot create a long-jump wormhole to just anywhere, networks have to be established and supported, adding to the cost.
Another problem is that when traveling through a wormhole instead of being dragged by it the time of travel is essentially instantaneous. On the other hand, frame dragging has an upper limit to its speed and therefore takes a finite time. This is not a major problem now but could be in the future as longer and longer jumps are attempted.
One side-effect of the energy from the wormhole dimension leaking into ordinary space is that standing waves or ripples in spacetime are created close to the wormhole. The energy of these ripples can excite atoms and cause them to begin radiating in the visible spectrum. Beginning as a soft glow, eventually the light will get bright enough to be seen by the unaided eye, thus making the invisible corridor in the wormhole dimension visible in ordinary spacetime ...
Source:
Wormhole Physics 101, 8th Edition, by Dr. Elias Mach
Copyright 2640 C.E.- Chapter 24, Page 612
Long-Jump Wormholes
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